Physics

Baryon

Mathematics

Particle physics

Quantum chromodynamics

Statistics

Cumulant

Baryon number

Nuclear physics

Hadron

Proton

Physical review. C

We present a dynamical description of (anti)proton number cumulants and correlation functions in central Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=7.7--200\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$ by utilizing viscous hydrodynamics simulations. The cumulants of proton and baryon number are calculated in a given momentum acceptance analytically, via an appropriately extended Cooper-Frye procedure describing particlization of an interacting hadron resonance gas. The effects of global baryon number conservation are taken into account using a generalized subensemble acceptance method. The experimental data of the STAR Collaboration are consistent at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}20\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$ with simultaneous effects of global baryon number conservation and repulsive interactions in the baryon sector, the latter being in line with the behavior of baryon number susceptibilities observed in lattice QCD. The data at lower collision energies show possible indications for sizable attractive interactions among baryons. The data also indicate sizable negative two-particle correlations between antiprotons that are not satisfactorily described by baryon conservation and excluded volume effects. We also discuss differences between cumulants and correlation functions (factorial cumulants) of (anti)proton number distribution, proton versus baryon number fluctuations, and effects of the hadronic afterburner.

Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>7.7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> –200 GeV from hydrodynamics

Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at sNN=7.7 –200 GeV from hydrodynamics