Physics

Chip

Dot pitch

Application-specific integrated circuit

Algorithm

Optics

Timestamp

Pixel

Photon counting

Computer science

Real-time computing

Computer hardware

Frame rate

Telecommunications

Detector

Journal of Instrumentation

Timepix4 is a 24.7 × 30.0 mm 2 hybrid pixel detector readout ASIC which has been designed to permit detector tiling on 4 sides. It consists of 448 × 512 pixels which can be bump bonded to a sensor with square pixels at a pitch of 55 µm. Like its predecessor, Timepix3, it can operate in data driven mode sending out information (Time of Arrival, ToA and Time over Threshold, ToT) only when a pixel has a hit above a pre-defined and programmable threshold. In this mode hits can be tagged to a time bin of &lt;200 ps and Timepix4 can record hits correctly at incoming rates of ∼3.6 MHz/mm 2 /s. In photon counting (or frame-based) mode it can count incoming hits at rates of up to 5 GHz/mm 2 /s. In both modes data is output via between 2 and 16 serializers each running at a programmable data bandwidth of between 40 Mbps and 10 Gbps. The specifications, architecture and circuit implementation are described along with first electrical measurements and measurements with radioactive sources. In photon counting mode X-ray images have been taken at a threshold of 650 e − (with &lt;10 masked pixels). In data driven mode images were taken of ToA/ToT data using a 90 Sr source at a threshold of 800 e − (with ∼120 masked pixels).

Timepix4, a large area pixel detector readout chip which can be tiled on 4 sides providing sub-200 ps timestamp binning