Engineering

Pore water pressure

Pile

Geotechnical engineering

Materials science

Centrifuge

Nuclear physics

Offshore geotechnical engineering

Void ratio

Constitutive equation

Geology

Solid mechanics

Mechanical engineering

Physics

Finite element method

Composite material

Turbine

Structural engineering

Critical state soil mechanics

Offshore wind power

Void (composites)

Acta Geotechnica

A high-cycle accumulation (HCA) model predicting the accumulation of permanent strain or excess pore water pressure in clay under a large number of load cycles is presented. Data from an extensive laboratory testing program on kaolin under undrained cyclic loading has been analysed for that purpose. The influence of strain amplitude, void ratio, stress ratio, overconsolidation ratio and loading frequency on the accumulation rates is considered in the constitutive equations of the HCA model. The proposed model is validated first by the simulation of element tests. Subsequently, its application to offshore wind turbine foundations under long-term lateral cyclic loading is presented by the back-analysis of a centrifuge test on a monopile in soft clay. The results are in good accordance with the measurements in terms of pile displacement and bending moment versus number of applied cycles. It is concluded that the proposed model is feasible to describe the long-term behaviour of clay subjected to high-cyclic loading.

A high-cycle accumulation model for clay and its application to monopile foundations