Context (archaeology)

Arts in education

Thematic analysis

Creativity

Mathematics education

Engineering

Social psychology

The arts

Fine art

Visual arts education

Archaeology

Pedagogy

Visual arts

Qualitative research

Aesthetics

Psychology

Geography

Psychotherapist

Sociology

Meaning (existential)

Social science

History

Thinking Skills and Creativity

STEAM is an approach to teaching and learning that integrates science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics. However, arts are often marginal and neglected in STEAM education. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eleven STEAM experts in Taiwan regarding their perspectives on and the factors affecting art elements, and suggestions for enhancing STEAM art elements. Thematic analysis of the results confirmed the three art elements we proposed (arts/aesthetic, contextual understanding, and creativity) but with slight modifications. Four categories comprising of 10 strategies emerged for incorporating the art elements in STEAM activities: basic principles (constraining, interaction), arts/aesthetic (arts/aesthetic learning, intention and meaning), contextual understanding (reflection of the socio-cultural context, human-centred design), and creativity (less is more, hands-on exploration, imagination, game-based/collaborative approach). The strategies that emerged in our study can help researchers and educators develop STEAM activities with rich art elements and activate in-depth discussions of STEM concepts. Furthermore, we established that learners' emotional experiences might be stimulated by art elements, so instructors could further expand their interest in STEM content.

STEM without art: A ship without a sail