Pathology

Sociology

Business

Regional science

Archaeology

Disease

Population

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Mathematics

Infectious disease (medical specialty)

Tourism geography

Gene

Data mining

Statistics

Demography

Marketing

Parallel computing

Dominance (genetics)

Tourism

TRIPS architecture

Geography

Domestic tourism

Chemistry

Economic geography

Destinations

Descriptive statistics

Computer science

Big data

Biochemistry

Medicine

Journal of Travel Research

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the major source of internationally comparable data on tourism. However, UNWTO data has two drawbacks: it focuses on international trips and ignores differences between regions within individual countries. Alternative sources of big data are increasingly used to enhance tourism statistics. In this paper, we combine traditional information sources with gridded population dataset and Airbnb data to address the limitations of UNWTO statistics. We produce a map of world tourism destinations measured by the number of tourism visits and tourism expenditure in 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic. We then identify hot spots of tourism and compare the level of spatial concentration of tourism to that of global population and economy. The results illustrate how supply and demand shape the global distribution of tourism, highlight the dominance of domestic travels in global tourism mobility and may help planning tourism policy in the face of current global challenges.

Combining Conventional Statistics and Big Data to Map Global Tourism Destinations Before COVID-19