Ice-seabed interaction modeling in clay by using evolutionary design of generalized group method of data handling

Ice-induced scour is a serious challenge for the subsea pipelines in the Arctic shallow waters. Estimation of the maximum pipeline deformation and its minimum burial depth can guarantee the operational integrity of these structures in the ice-prone regions. The pipeline buried below the ice keel is still threatened by subgouge soil deformation that is extended down the ice tip due to the shear resistance of the seabed soil. Determining the...