Physics

Fusion

Nanotechnology

Laser

Crystal twinning

Biology

Austenite

Optics

Creep

Philosophy

Transmission electron microscopy

Paleontology

Composite material

Dynamic recrystallization

Hot working

Metallurgy

Materials science

Recrystallization (geology)

Deformation (meteorology)

Corrosion

Ductility (Earth science)

Austenitic stainless steel

Linguistics

Microstructure

Scripta Materialia

Nanotwin formation is observed during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of austenitic stainless steels fabricated with various process parameters. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to reveal the nature of such twins, which are formed due to the high strain rapid solidification inherent to LPBF. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was also activated during LPBF, and induced by the deformation nanotwins. A thermostatistical model is proposed to determine the critical conditions for twinning-induced DRX; the model is validated with the reported experimental results. This modelling approach offers a method to microstructurally engineer austenitic stainless steels for potential applications needing high strength and ductility.

Deformation twinning-induced dynamic recrystallization during laser powder bed fusion