Materials science

Detonation

Energetic material

Alkyl

Decomposition

Nitrogen

Physical chemistry

Organic chemistry

Thermal decomposition

Nitro

Detonation velocity

Triazine

Standard enthalpy of formation

Chemistry

Explosive material

Chemical Engineering Journal

With the increasing demand for deep mineral resources and rapid development of space exploration, the search for advanced heat-resistant energetic compounds have attracted increasing attention in the field of energetic materials. In this study, we designed and prepared two new fused aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic compounds of 4-amino-5-nitro-7H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1], [2], [3]triazine-2-oxide (PTO) and 4-amino-7-methyl-5-nitro-7H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1], [2], [3]triazine-2-oxide (MPTO) by a local structural modification on a highly sensitive initiating explosive (ICM-103). This minor structural adjustment endows PTO and MPTO with totally different properties in contrast to the starting material (ICM-103). The decomposition temperatures of PTO and MPTO reached 365.0 °C and 347.7 °C, respectively, around 200 °C higher than that (160.3 °C) of ICM-103. Moreover, PTO and MPTO also exhibit good detonation velocity (8528 m s−1 and 8102 m s−1, respectively) and low impact sensitivity (20 J and 18 J, respectively). The comprehensive performances of PTO and MPTO are superior to the widely used heat-resistant energetic materials HNS (Td: 318 °C, Dv: 7612 m s−1, IS: 5 J) and PYX (Td: 360 °C, Dv: 7757 m s−1, IS: 10 J), demonstrating their important applied potentiality as novel heat-resistant energetic materials.

From the sensitive primary explosive ICM-103 to insensitive heat-resistant energetic materials through a local azide-to-amino structural modification strategy