Transmitter

Optical link

Detector

Engineering

Jitter

Pulse-amplitude modulation

Statistics

Communications system

Optical fiber

Modulation (music)

Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)

Pulse-position modulation

Pulse (music)

Telecommunications

Optical communication

Computer science

Acoustics

Cumulative distribution function

Physics

Free-space optical communication

Mathematics

Bit error rate

Electronic engineering

Probability density function

Channel (broadcasting)

Journal of Lightwave Technology

One of the main problems faced by communication systems is the presence of skip-zones in the targeted areas. With the deployment of the fifth-generation mobile network, solutions are proposed to solve the signal loss due to obstruction by buildings, mountains, and atmospheric or weather conditions. Among these solutions, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), which are newly proposed modules, may be exploited to reflect the incident signal in the direction of dead zones, increase communication coverage, and make the channel smarter and controllable. This paper tackles the skip-zone problem in terrestrial free-space optical (T-FSO) systems using a single-element RIS. Considering link distances and jitter ratios at the RIS position, we carry out a performance analysis of RIS-aided T-FSO links affected by turbulence and pointing errors, for both heterodyne detection and intensity modulation-direct detection techniques. Turbulence is modeled using the Gamma-Gamma distribution. We analyze the model and provide exact closed-form expressions of the probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and moment generating function of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio. Capitalizing on these statistics, we evaluate the system performance through the outage probability, ergodic channel capacity, and average bit error rate for selected binary modulation schemes. Numerical results, validated through simulations, obtained for different RIS positions and link distances ratio values, reveal that RIS-based T-FSO performs better when the RIS module is located near the transmitter.

Analysis of RIS-Based Terrestrial-FSO Link Over G-G Turbulence With Distance and Jitter Ratios