Nanofiltration

Membrane distillation

Wastewater

Engineering

Organic matter

Polymer chemistry

Chromatography

Water treatment

Flue-gas desulfurization

Fouling

Polyacrylamide

Biochemistry

Chemical engineering

Mechanical engineering

Environmental engineering

Organic chemistry

Membrane

Desalination

Environmental science

Inlet

Membrane fouling

Chemistry

Backwashing

Separation and Purification Technology

The flue gas desulfurization wastewater (FGDW) contains extremely high concentration of heavy ions (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+) and unbiodegradable organic pollutants such as humic substances. In this paper, the effects of softening pre-treatment on water reclamation performance and membrane fouling phenomenon of the direct contact membrane distillation of FGDW were investigated systematically. Results showed that fouling on the membrane caused by crystallization of CaSO4, Mg-Si complex, Al colloid, and organic matter in the FGDW decreased the permeate flux. Pre-treatment with NaCO3, NaOH and polyacrylamide in combination with coagulation and chemical precipitation processes resulted in nearly 100% removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and prevented membrane from fouling. This led to 11 times-concentrated FGDW with excellent salt and organic matter rejections. Overall, membrane distillation combined with softening pre-treatment can effectively reclaim FGDW water with high concentration and salt rejection rates, without causing significant membrane fouling.

Direct contact membrane distillation with softening Pre-treatment for effective reclaiming flue gas desulfurization wastewater