Cognitive psychology

Perceptron

Statistics

Human multitasking

Computer science

Regression analysis

Regression

Psychology

Pattern recognition (psychology)

Mathematics

Artificial intelligence

Deep learning

Dependency (UML)

Artificial neural network

Convolutional neural network

Machine learning

Multilayer perceptron

IEEE Access

This paper presents a multitask deep learning model to detect all the five stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) consisting of no DR, mild DR, moderate DR, severe DR, and proliferate DR. This multitask model consists of one classification model and one regression model, each with its own loss function. Noting that a higher severity level normally occurs after a lower severity level, this dependency is taken into consideration by concatenating the classification and regression models. The regression model learns the inter-dependency between the stages and outputs a score corresponding to the severity level of DR generating a higher score for a higher severity level. After training the regression model and the classification model separately, the features extracted by these two models are concatenated and inputted to a multilayer perceptron network to classify the five stages of DR. A modified Squeeze Excitation Densely Connected deep neural network is developed to implement this multitasking approach. The developed multitask model is then used to detect the five stages of DR by examining the two large Kaggle datasets of APTOS and EyePACS. A multitasking transfer learning model based on Xception network is also developed to evaluate the proposed approach by classifying DR into five stages. It is found that the developed model achieves a weighted Kappa score of 0.90 and 0.88 for the APTOS and EyePACS datasets, respectively, higher than any existing methods for detection of the five stages of DR

Multitasking Deep Learning Model for Detection of Five Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy