ultrasound irradiation

Ultrasonics sonochemistry

• Theoretical model has been validated through single-bubble sonochemistry. • Optimum bubble temperature for production of oxidants. • Numerical simulations of sonochemical synthesis of nanoparticles. • FEM calculation of an acoustic field in a sonochemical reactor. Numerical simulations for sonochemistry are reviewed including single-bubble sonochemistry, influence of ultrasonic frequency and bubble size, acoustic field, and sonochemical synthesis of nanoparticles. The theoretical model of bubble dynamics including the effect of non-equilibrium chemical reactions inside a bubble has been validated from the study of single-bubble sonochemistry. By the numerical simulations, it has been clarified that there is an optimum bubble temperature for the production of oxidants inside an air bubble such as OH radicals and H 2 O 2 because at higher temperature oxidants are strongly consumed inside a bubble by oxidizing nitrogen. Unsolved problems are also discussed.