Bubble

Engineering

Chemical physics

Liquid bubble

Materials science

Chemical engineering

Oxidizing agent

Thermodynamics

Physics

Organic chemistry

Cavitation

Chemistry

Mechanics

Sonochemistry

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Numerical simulations for sonochemistry are reviewed including single-bubble sonochemistry, influence of ultrasonic frequency and bubble size, acoustic field, and sonochemical synthesis of nanoparticles. The theoretical model of bubble dynamics including the effect of non-equilibrium chemical reactions inside a bubble has been validated from the study of single-bubble sonochemistry. By the numerical simulations, it has been clarified that there is an optimum bubble temperature for the production of oxidants inside an air bubble such as OH radicals and H2O2 because at higher temperature oxidants are strongly consumed inside a bubble by oxidizing nitrogen. Unsolved problems are also discussed.

Numerical simulations for sonochemistry