Proline

Cellular respiration

Biology

Gene

Function (biology)

Photosynthesis

Osmotic shock

Metabolism

Mitochondrion

Cell biology

Amino acid

Biosynthesis

Biochemistry

Catabolism

Trends in Plant Science

Proline is a multifunctional amino acid that is accumulated in high concentrations in plants under various stress conditions. Proline accumulation is intimately connected to many cellular processes, such as osmotic pressure, energy status, nutrient availability, changes in redox balance, and defenses against pathogens. Proline biosynthesis and catabolism is linked to photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration, respectively. Proline can function as a signal, modulating gene expression and certain metabolic processes.

Proline metabolism as regulatory hub