Pattern recognition (psychology)

Organic chemistry

Mathematics

Biology

Image (mathematics)

Statistics

Philosophy

Artificial intelligence

Matching (statistics)

Chemistry

Natural language processing

Geometry

Sequence (biology)

Shot (pellet)

Character (mathematics)

Computer science

Linguistics

Zero (linguistics)

Chinese characters

Speech recognition

Character recognition

Genetics

Chinese character recognition has attracted much research interest due to its wide applications. Although it has been studied for many years, some issues in this field have not been completely resolved yet, \textit{e.g.} the zero-shot problem. Previous character-based and radical-based methods have not fundamentally addressed the zero-shot problem since some characters or radicals in test sets may not appear in training sets under a data-hungry condition. Inspired by the fact that humans can generalize to know how to write characters unseen before if they have learned stroke orders of some characters, we propose a stroke-based method by decomposing each character into a sequence of strokes, which are the most basic units of Chinese characters. However, we observe that there is a one-to-many relationship between stroke sequences and Chinese characters. To tackle this challenge, we employ a matching-based strategy to transform the predicted stroke sequence to a specific character. We evaluate the proposed method on handwritten characters, printed artistic characters, and scene characters. The experimental results validate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods on both character zero-shot and radical zero-shot tasks. Moreover, the proposed method can be easily generalized to other languages whose characters can be decomposed into strokes.

Zero-Shot Chinese Character Recognition with Stroke-Level Decomposition