Energy transfer

Physics

Infrared

Nonlinear system

Energy (signal processing)

Charge (physics)

Rare earth

Nonlinear optical

Optics

Band gap

Atomic physics

Metallurgy

Materials science

Condensed matter physics

Quantum mechanics

Optoelectronics

Materials Horizons

Increasing the energy band gap under the premise to maintain a large nonlinear optical (NLO) response is a challenging issue for the exploration and molecular design of mid-infrared nonlinear optical crystals. Utilizing a charge-transfer engineering method, we designed and synthesized a rare earth chalcogenide, KYGeS4. With an NLO effect as large as that in AgGaS2, KYGeS4 breaks through the limitation of energy band gap, i.e., the "3.0 eV wall", in NLO rare earth chalcogenides, and thus exhibits an excellent comprehensive NLO performance. First-principles electronic structure analysis demonstrates that the large band gap in KYGeS4 is ascribed to the decreased covalency of Y–S bonds by transferring charge from [YS7] to [GeS4] polyhedra. The charge-transfer engineering strategy would have significant implications for the exploration of good-performance NLO crystals.

Breaking through the “3.0 eV wall” of energy band gap in mid-infrared nonlinear optical rare earth chalcogenides by charge-transfer engineering