The effect of restrained early age shrinkage on the interlayer bond and durability of 3D printed concrete

3D printed concrete exhibits a high magnitude and rate of plastic shrinkage (early age drying-induced shrinkage) compared to conventional cast concrete. This study investigated if restraining this shrinkage adversely affects the long-term durability and mechanical performance. Shrinkage was restrained by inserting reinforcement-like rods into the fresh concrete and exposing the specimen to a moderate evaporation rate. The interlayer bond...