Composite membranes anchoring phosphotungstic acid by β-cyclodextrins modified halloysite nanotubes

Anchoring phosphotungstic acid (HPW) on insoluble inorganic fillers is a facile and effective approach to suppress its leakage in the proton exchange membrane. In this work, we introduced β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with the aid of polydopamine coating to prepare water-insoluble β-CD-DHNTs, which was dispersed in the SPEEK matrix to anchor HPW. Both HPW and β-CD-DHNTs are well dispersed in the SPEEK matrix because of the...