Programmed cell death

Engineering

Neuroprotection

Neuroscience

Biology

Pyroptosis

Clinical trial

Apoptosis

Autophagy

Ischemia

Cardiology

Cause of death

Biochemistry

Inflammasome

Mechanical engineering

Bioinformatics

Stroke (engine)

Inflammation

Internal medicine

Pharmacology

Medicine

Necroptosis

Disease

Medicinal Research Reviews

Ischemic stroke caused by arterial occlusion is the most common type of stroke, which is among the most frequent causes of disability and death worldwide. Current treatment approaches involve achieving rapid reperfusion either pharmacologically or surgically, both of which are time-sensitive; moreover, blood flow recanalization often causes ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, even though neuroprotective intervention is urgently needed in the event of stroke, the exact mechanisms of neuronal death during ischemic stroke are still unclear, and consequently, the capacity for drug development has remained limited. Multiple cell death pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Here, we have reviewed these potential neuronal death pathways, including intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, parthanatos, phagoptosis, and pyroptosis. We have also reviewed the latest results of pharmacological studies on ischemic stroke and summarized emerging drug targets with a focus on clinical trials. These observations may help to further understand the pathological events in ischemic stroke and bridge the gap between basic and translational research to reveal novel neuroprotective interventions.

Mechanisms of neuronal cell death in ischemic stroke and their therapeutic implications