Nursing

Psychoanalysis

Adverse effect

Vaginoplasty

Vagina

Surgery

Physics

Psychology

Transgender

Optics

Gender dysphoria

Quality of life (healthcare)

Internal medicine

Gynecology

Medicine

Genitourinary system

General surgery

Incidence (geometry)

Patient satisfaction

Sex reassignment surgery (male-to-female)

Andrology

Penile inversion vaginoplasty helps to alleviate gender dysphoria and improve quality of life in many transgender individuals. Overall, the procedure is associated with high post‐operative satisfaction, even when complications occur. Adverse events related to vaginoplasty are commensurate with other genitourinary reconstructive procedures performed for other diagnoses (ie, cancer or congenital issues). Here, we explore the incidence of complications following vaginoplasty, emphasizing the challenges in defining and managing these adverse events. In addition, outcome measures to assess patient satisfaction will be reviewed.

Penile inversion vaginoplasty outcomes: Complications and satisfaction