Epitaxially grown MOF membranes with photocatalytic bactericidal activity for biofouling mitigation in desalination

In this study, we demonstrated the antifouling MOF membrane via the in-situ growth of metal azolate framework-4 (MAF-4) on polyethersulfone (PES) substrates and then epitaxial growth of MAF-7. The basal MAF-4 layer, which was confirmed to bind to the substrate by chelation, was flawless to ensure the desalination performance. The upper MAF-7 shell, which was confirmed to possess crystal characteristics and leave an unbound nitrogen atom, was...