Optometry

Neuroscience

Pupillary reflex

Ophthalmology

Surgery

Psychology

Pupil

Oculomotor nerve

Medicine

American Orthoptic Journal

The pupillary examination is a vital component of an ophthalmological investigation. There are numerous pupillary abnormalities with a great diversity of causes. Many ocular motility disorders are associated with pupillary abnormalities. Relative afferent pupillary defects have been described secondary to amblyopia. Third cranial nerve palsies may involve the pupil. Patients with Horner's syndrome, Parinaud's syndrome, and Adie's syndrome may end up in the orthoptist's office. This paper will present the characteristics of the normal pupil and describe some of the more commonly seen abnormalities.

The Pupillary Examination