Algorithm

Engineering

Buckling

Closing (real estate)

Materials science

Bending

Computer security

Computation

Set (abstract data type)

Computer science

Code (set theory)

Finite element method

Political science

Image warping

Artificial intelligence

Composite material

Structural engineering

Compression (physics)

Programming language

Stiffness

Bending stiffness

Key (lock)

Meccanica

Local stiffeners affect the behaviour of thin-walled beams (TWBs). An in-house code based on a one-dimensional model proved effective in several instances of compressive buckling of TWBs but gave counterintuitive results for locally stiffened TWBs. To clarify the matter, we investigated TWBs with multi-symmetric double I cross-section, widely used in practical applications where high bending stiffness is required. Several samples were manufactured and stiffened on purpose, closing them over a small portion of the axis at different places. The samples were tested with end constraints accounting for various warping conditions. The experimental and numerical outputs from a commercial FEM code gave a key to overcome the unexpected results by the in-house code, paving the way for further studies.

Effect of local stiffeners and warping constraints on the buckling of symmetric open thin-walled beams with high warping stiffness