Catalysis

Engineering

Direct-ethanol fuel cell

Electrochemistry

Materials science

Fuel cells

Ion exchange

Biochemistry

Durability

Chemical engineering

Electrocatalyst

Physical chemistry

Hydrogen

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Nanotechnology

Organic chemistry

Membrane

Political science

Hydrogen fuel

Composite material

Chemistry

Electrode

Alkaline fuel cell

Commercialization

Advanced Materials

The rapid progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) has boosted the hydrogen economy concept via diverse energy applications in the past decades. For a holistic understanding of the development status of PEMFCs and AMFCs, recent advancements in electrocatalyst design and catalyst layer optimization, along with cell performance in terms of activity and durability in PEMFCs and AMFCs, are summarized here. The activity, stability, and fuel cell performance of different types of electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction are discussed and compared. Research directions on the further development of active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts to meet the ultimate commercialization of PEMFCs and AMFCs are also discussed.

Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells