Gene

Cell biology

Immune receptor

Pattern recognition receptor

Neuroscience

Biology

Acquired immune system

Receptor

Immunity

Signal transduction

Plant Immunity

Computational biology

Immunology

Genetics

Signalling

Physics

Arabidopsis

Immune system

Optics

Mutant

Effector

Crosstalk

Innate immune system

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

Plants resist attacks by pathogens via innate immune responses, which are initiated by cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), respectively. Although the two classes of immune receptors involve different activation mechanisms and appear to require different early signalling components, PTI and ETI eventually converge into many similar downstream responses, albeit with distinct amplitudes and dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of intricate interactions between PRR-mediated and NLR-mediated signalling cascades as well as common signalling components shared by both. Future investigation of the mechanisms underlying signal collaboration between PRR-initiated and NLR-initiated immunity will enable a more complete understanding of the plant immune system. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between the two layers of plant innate immunity.

PTI-ETI crosstalk: an integrative view of plant immunity