Stability (learning theory)

Laser beam quality

Machine learning

Optics

Physics

Electron

Phase space

Collider

Artificial intelligence

Beam (structure)

Atomic physics

Nuclear physics

Energy (signal processing)

Particle accelerator

Ionization

Plasma acceleration

Bayesian optimization

Laser beams

Computational physics

Computer science

Laser

Quantum mechanics

Plasma

Cathode ray

Physical Review Letters

Generating high-quality laser-plasma accelerated electron beams requires carefully balancing a plethora of physical effects and is therefore challenging---both conceptually and in experiments. Here, we use Bayesian optimization of key laser and plasma parameters to flatten the longitudinal phase space of an ionization-injected electron bunch via optimal beam loading. We first study the concept with particle-in-cell simulations and then demonstrate it in experiments. Starting from an arbitrary set point, the plasma accelerator autonomously tunes the beam energy spread to the subpercent level at 254 MeV and $4.7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pC}/\mathrm{MeV}$ spectral density. Finally, we study a robust regime, which improves the stability of the laser-plasma accelerator and delivers sub-five-percent rms energy spread beams for 90% of all shots.

Bayesian Optimization of a Laser-Plasma Accelerator