Quantum mechanics

Context (archaeology)

Linguistics

Engineering

Philosophy

Biology

Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)

Pedagogy

Narrative

Phenomenon

Qualitative research

Paleontology

Narrative inquiry

Physics

Psychology

Lived experience

Psychotherapist

Epistemology

Phenomenology (philosophy)

Sociology

Hermeneutic phenomenology

Meaning (existential)

Research design

Engineering ethics

Social science

Journal of Counseling & Development

Counseling researchers often use qualitative research methods to explore phenomena. In particular, lived experience designs seek to answer how, what, and why questions to develop meaning or theory from the context and the people who lived the phenomenon. We review four lived experience traditions: phenomenology, consensual qualitative research, narrative inquiry, and case study. The appropriateness of these methods for counseling research and guidelines for design are presented. Recommendations for reporting coherence among the essential elements of a qualitative design are discussed to strengthen counseling researchers' adherence to exemplary practices.

Promoting Rigorous Research by Examining Lived Experiences: A Review of Four Qualitative Traditions