Marketing

World Wide Web

Demography

Cognitive psychology

Design elements and principles

Process (computing)

Social psychology

Inclusion (mineral)

Work in process

Operating system

Computer science

Design for All

Business

Universal design

Internet privacy

Psychology

Object (grammar)

Design process

Population

Sociology

Artificial intelligence

User experience design

Software engineering

Experience design

Knowledge management

Human–computer interaction

Journal of Consumer Psychology

Inclusive design considers the needs and capabilities of the whole population to decrease the actual or perceived mismatch between the user and the design object. We review the inclusive design literature across multiple disciplines to conceptualize inclusive design, identify who should be included in the inclusive design process, present an overview of the evolution of design approaches, and summarize best practices on how organizations can facilitate inclusive design. We posit three levels of inclusive design based on the diminishing degree of mismatch between the user and the design object: providing accessibility (Level 1), engaging participation by creating equitable experiences (Level 2), and facilitating empowered success via flow experiences (Level 3). We introduce our Design, Appraisal, Response, Experience (DARE) framework to explain the complex cognitive appraisals and emotional responses that each of these three levels of inclusive design elicits and underscores the notion that inclusive design works best when it's not intended for a specific need, but rather benefits anyone who uses it. We conclude with a call for future research in this rich and important domain of investigation that seeks both to understand consumer response to inclusive design and to incorporate inclusive design into brand strategy, practice, and policy.

Designing for All: Consumer Response to Inclusive Design