Identification (biology)

Pedagogy

Background subtraction

Mathematics

Biology

Human–computer interaction

Pixel

Artificial intelligence

Psychology

Composite material

Tracking (education)

Ecology

Materials science

Programming language

Range (aeronautics)

Software

Graphical user interface

Computer science

Subtraction

Real-time computing

Computer vision

Arithmetic

eLife

Automated visual tracking of animals is rapidly becoming an indispensable tool for the study of behavior. It offers a quantitative methodology by which organisms’ sensing and decision-making can be studied in a wide range of ecological contexts. Despite this, existing solutions tend to be challenging to deploy in practice, especially when considering long and/or high-resolution video-streams. Here, we present TRex, a fast and easy-to-use solution for tracking a large number of individuals simultaneously using background-subtraction with real-time (60 Hz) tracking performance for up to approximately 256 individuals and estimates 2D visual-fields, outlines, and head/rear of bilateral animals, both in open and closed-loop contexts. Additionally, TRex offers highly accurate, deep-learning-based visual identification of up to approximately 100 unmarked individuals, where it is between 2.5 and 46.7 times faster, and requires 2–10 times less memory, than comparable software (with relative performance increasing for more organisms/longer videos) and provides interactive data-exploration within an intuitive, platform-independent graphical user-interface.

TRex, a fast multi-animal tracking system with markerless identification, and 2D estimation of posture and visual fields