Fuel efficiency

Quantum mechanics

Engineering

Transport engineering

Ecology

Biology

Environmental economics

Automotive engine

Economics

Power (physics)

Computer science

Electric vehicle

Green vehicle

Grid

Waste management

Physics

Greenhouse gas

Renewable energy

Mathematics

Market penetration

Battery electric vehicle

Automotive engineering

Geometry

Fossil fuel

Energy security

Software engineering

Electrification

Software deployment

Electricity

Electrical engineering

Transportation Engineering

Electric vehicles are an important option for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Electric vehicles not only reduce the dependency on fossil fuel but also diminish the impact of ozone depleting substances and promote large scale renewable deployment. Despite comprehensive research on the attributes and characteristics of electric vehicles and the nature of their charging infrastructure, electric vehicle production and network modelling continues to evolve and be constrained. The paper provides an overview of the studies of Electric Vehicle, Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Plug-in-Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Battery Electric Vehicle penetration rate into the market and discusses their different modelling approach and optimisation techniques. The research on the essential barriers and insufficient charging facilities are addressed for a developing country like India that makes the study unique. The development of new concept of Vehicle-to-Grid has created an extra power source when renewable energy sources are not available. We conclude that taking into account, the special characteristics of electric vehicles are so important in their mobility.

A review on barrier and challenges of electric vehicle in India and vehicle to grid optimisation