Combinatorics

Physics

Entrainment (biomusicology)

Topology (electrical circuits)

Mathematics

Motion (physics)

Engineering

Coupling (piping)

Rhythm

Actuator

Artificial intelligence

Acoustics

Synchronization (alternating current)

Computer science

Phase (matter)

Quantum mechanics

Classical mechanics

Mechanical engineering

Nature Materials

In the flourishing field of soft robotics, strategies to embody communication and collective motion are scarce. Here we report the synchronized oscillations of thin plastic actuators by an approach reminiscent of the synchronized motion of pendula and metronomes. Two liquid crystalline network oscillators fuelled by light influence the movement of one another and display synchronized oscillations in-phase and anti-phase in a steady state. By observing entrainment between the asymmetric oscillators we demonstrate the existence of coupling between the two actuators. We qualitatively explain the origin of the synchronized motion using a theoretical model and numerical simulations, which suggest that the motion can be tuned by the mechanical properties of the coupling joint. We thus anticipate that the complex synchronization phenomena usually observed in rigid systems can also exist in soft polymeric materials. This enables the use of new stimuli, featuring an example of collective motion by photo-actuation. Upon light stimulation, two jointed liquid crystalline network oscillators affect the movement of each other, achieving synchronized in-phase and anti-phase oscillations that can be explored to generate soft actuators with collective responses.

Coupled liquid crystalline oscillators in Huygens’ synchrony