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PRX Quantum

The great promise of quantum computers comes with the dual challenges of building them and finding their useful applications. We argue that these two challenges should be considered together, by codesigning full-stack quantum computer systems along with their applications in order to hasten their development and potential for scientific discovery. In this context, we identify scientific and community needs, opportunities, a sampling of a few use case studies, and significant challenges for the development of quantum computers for science over the next 2–10 years. This document is written by a community of university, national laboratory, and industrial researchers in the field of Quantum Information Science and Technology, and is based on a summary from a U.S. National Science Foundation workshop on Quantum Computing held on October 21–22, 2019 in Alexandria, VA.Received 4 February 2020Accepted 21 October 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.017001Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasAdiabatic quantum optimizationMachine learningMeasurement-based quantum computingQuantum algorithmsQuantum benchmarkingQuantum computationQuantum controlQuantum gatesQuantum simulationSurface code quantum computingTopological quantum computingQuantum InformationCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied PhysicsAtomic, Molecular & Optical

Quantum Computer Systems for Scientific Discovery