Finance

Sociology

Business

Government (linguistics)

Population

Corporate governance

Economic growth

Public policy

Welfare

The Internet

Epistemology

World Wide Web

Demography

Philosophy

Political science

China

Economics

Safety net

Quality (philosophy)

Public participation

Public relations

Computer science

Linguistics

Public administration

Governance

Internet‐based platforms are increasingly being used by governments around the world to facilitate public engagement with citizens. However, it remains an open question whether participation through these platforms can actually enable citizens to influence policies. We address this question by studying the patterns and consequences of online participation at a major electronic petition platform in China, a country with the world's largest Internet‐using population. Content analysis of over 900,000 petitions reveals that a substantial share of them concern lower‐class issues and are originated from less developed rural and suburban areas. Linking variations in petition volumes to an original data set of government policy priorities, we further show that online participation led governments to place greater emphasis on social welfare policies and to increase the coverage of a key low‐income assistance program. These results underscore the potential of online participation as an important mechanism to improve the quality of governance.

From Internet to social safety net: The policy consequences of online participation in China