Computer hardware

Robot

Control (management)

Engineering

Cyber-physical system

Remote control

Augmented reality

Embedded system

Systems engineering

Operating system

Computer science

Construction engineering

Virtual reality

Robotics

Artificial intelligence

Architectural engineering

Salient

Human–computer interaction

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

Smart construction utilizes the latest IoT “smart” technologies, such as Cyber-Physical Systems, to aid in construction processes. A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is an amalgamation of computation, networking and physical objects. There are various examples of CPS being employed in sectors varying from manufacturing, robotics, and smart cities. Where the application and literature are lacking, however, is construction. This paper focuses on construction machinery operation and work tracking through CPS. The relevant technologies required for creating a system with these capabilities are Augmented Reality (AR) and Digital Twin (DT). Two salient features of a CPS are real-time state knowledge and control. These are handled by the sensors and micro-controllers, respectively, allowing for bi-directional communication between the virtual models and physical objects. Remote control and tracking/monitoring of construction machinery can expedite certain on-site processes such as operations logging and 4D BIM, while improving operation precision and safety.

Augmented reality and digital twin system for interaction with construction machinery