Error detection and correction

Physics

Qubit

Mathematics

Quantum error correction

Noise (video)

Algorithm

Image (mathematics)

Statistics

Extrapolation

Quantum noise

Computer engineering

Artificial intelligence

Geometry

Computer science

Quantum computer

Quantum mechanics

Theoretical computer science

Quantum

Scaling

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) is an increasingly popular technique for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computations without using additional quantum resources. We review the fundamentals of ZNE and propose several improvements to noise scaling and extrapolation, the two key components in the technique. We introduce unitary folding and parameterized noise scaling. These are digital noise scaling frameworks, i.e. one can apply them using only gate-level access common to most quantum instruction sets. We also study different extrapolation methods, including a new adaptive protocol that uses a statistical inference framework. Benchmarks of our techniques show error reductions of 18X to 24X over non-mitigated circuits and demonstrate ZNE effectiveness at larger qubit numbers than have been tested previously. In addition to presenting new results, this work is a self-contained introduction to the practical use of ZNE by quantum programmers.

Digital zero noise extrapolation for quantum error mitigation