Pure mathematics

Materials science

Field (mathematics)

Computer science

Photonics

Laser

Physics

Nanotechnology

Mathematics

Optics

Ultrafast optics

Characterization (materials science)

Biophotonics

Optoelectronics

Ultrashort pulse

Engineering physics

Nature Photonics

Recent years have seen the rapid growth and development of the field of smart photonics, where machine-learning algorithms are being matched to optical systems to add new functionalities and to enhance performance. An area where machine learning shows particular potential to accelerate technology is the field of ultrafast photonics — the generation and characterization of light pulses, the study of light–matter interactions on short timescales, and high-speed optical measurements. Our aim here is to highlight a number of specific areas where the promise of machine learning in ultrafast photonics has already been realized, including the design and operation of pulsed lasers, and the characterization and control of ultrafast propagation dynamics. We also consider challenges and future areas of research. The potential of machine-learning application to the field of ultrafast photonics is reviewed, with key examples including pulsed lasers, and control and characterization of ultrafast propagation dynamics.

Machine learning and applications in ultrafast photonics