Cell biology

Engineering

Biotechnology

Neuroscience

Biology

Structural integrity

Blood–brain barrier

Barrier function

Neurology

Homeostasis

In vivo

Central nervous system

Structural engineering

Medicine

Brain function

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

The blood–brain barrier is playing a critical role in controlling the influx and efflux of biological substances essential for the brain’s metabolic activity as well as neuronal function. Thus, the functional and structural integrity of the BBB is pivotal to maintain the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. The different cells and structures contributing to developing this barrier are summarized along with the different functions that BBB plays at the brain–blood interface. We also explained the role of shear stress in maintaining BBB integrity. Furthermore, we elaborated on the clinical aspects that correlate between BBB disruption and different neurological and pathological conditions. Finally, we discussed several biomarkers that can help to assess the BBB permeability and integrity in-vitro or in-vivo and briefly explain their advantages and disadvantages.

A blood–brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity