Routing (electronic design automation)

Graviton

Quantum mechanics

Theoretical physics

Gravitation

Astrophysics

LIGO

Quadrupole

Computer science

Numerical relativity

Computer network

Binary black hole

Routing protocol

Physics

Link-state routing protocol

Gravitational wave

Tests of general relativity

Black hole (networking)

General relativity

Theory of relativity

Physical Review D

Gravitational waves enable tests of general relativity in the highly dynamical and strong-field regime. Using events detected by LIGO-Virgo up to 1 October 2019, we evaluate the consistency of the data with predictions from the theory. We first establish that residuals from the best-fit waveform are consistent with detector noise, and that the low- and high-frequency parts of the signals are in agreement. We then consider parametrized modifications to the waveform by varying post-Newtonian and phenomenological coefficients, improving past constraints by factors of ∼2; we also find consistency with Kerr black holes when we specifically target signatures of the spin-induced quadrupole moment. Looking for gravitational-wave dispersion, we tighten constraints on Lorentz-violating coefficients by a factor of ∼2.6 and bound the mass of the graviton to mg≤1.76×10−23 eV/c2 with 90% credibility. We also analyze the properties of the merger remnants by measuring ringdown frequencies and damping times, constraining fractional deviations away from the Kerr frequency to δf^220=0.03−0.35+0.38 for the fundamental quadrupolar mode, and δf^221=0.04−0.32+0.27 for the first overtone; additionally, we find no evidence for postmerger echoes. Finally, we determine that our data are consistent with tensorial polarizations through a template-independent method. When possible, we assess the validity of general relativity based on collections of events analyzed jointly. We find no evidence for new physics beyond general relativity, for black hole mimickers, or for any unaccounted systematics.12 MoreReceived 27 October 2020Accepted 24 December 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.122002© 2021 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasClassical black holesGeneral relativityGravitational wave detectionGravitational wavesPhysical SystemsAstronomical black holesGravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics

Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog