Quantum mechanics

Turbulence

Heat transfer

Materials science

Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines

Boundary value problem

Reynolds number

Cylindrical coordinate system

Tube (container)

Curvilinear coordinates

Vortex

Classical mechanics

Fluid dynamics

Thermodynamics

Physics

Stream function

Anatomy

Mathematics

Flow (mathematics)

Axial symmetry

Vorticity

Geometry

Composite material

Nanofluid

Medicine

Symmetry (geometry)

Peristalsis

Mechanics

Peristaltic pump

Results in Physics

The intensions of this work are to explain the peristaltic flow and heat transfer of hybrid (Cu-Ag/blood) and phase flow (Cu/blood) nanofluid models inside a curved tube having ciliated wall. The governing mathematical equations are established for a curvilinear coordinate system (R-,Z-). In order to simplify these equations, we have exploited the lubrication approximation, i.e. Reynolds number tends to zero and wavelength tends to infinity. Finally, these abridged governing equations, subject to corresponding boundary conditions, are solved and luckily found exact solutions for the complicated problem. These solutions are discussed graphically for both hybrid (Cu-Ag/blood) and phase flow (Cu/blood) nanofluid models against various physical parameters that are involved in the governing equations. It is observed that the axial and thermal symmetry is demolished due to curved nature of the tube but when parameter s increases, i.e. the curved geometry is transformed into a straighter channel then the symmetry about the centre of channel is restored.

Physical aspects of peristaltic flow of hybrid nano fluid inside a curved tube having ciliated wall