Electrical engineering

Engineering

Electronics

Physical chemistry

Embedded system

Wearable computer

Nanotechnology

Electrode

Chemistry

Materials science

Stretchable electronics

Capacitance

Computer science

Wearable technology

Supercapacitor

Flexible electronics

Advanced Materials

With the miniaturization of personal wearable electronics, considerable effort has been expended to develop high-performance flexible/stretchable energy storage devices for powering integrated active devices. Supercapacitors can fulfill this role owing to their simple structures, high power density, and cyclic stability. Moreover, a high electrochemical performance can be achieved with flexible/stretchable supercapacitors, whose applications can be expanded through the introduction of additional novel functionalities. Here, recent advances in and future prospects for flexible/stretchable supercapacitors with innate functionalities are covered, including biodegradability, self-healing, shape memory, energy harvesting, and electrochromic and temperature tolerance, which can contribute to reducing e-waste, ensuring device integrity and performance, enabling device self-charging following exposure to surrounding stimuli, displaying the charge status, and maintaining the performance under a wide range of temperatures. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of high-performance all-in-one wearable systems with integrated functional supercapacitors for future practical application are discussed.

Flexible/Stretchable Supercapacitors with Novel Functionality for Wearable Electronics