Quantum mechanics

Finite volume method

Phase (matter)

Engineering

Heat transfer

Materials science

Chemical engineering

Natural convection

Thermodynamics

Physics

Finite element method

Mathematics

Nanofluid

Mechanics

Convection

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

The ultimate goal of the present review paper is to summarize and discuss the findings of the most recently published literature on natural convection of nanofluids in various enclosures. The review covers five different geometries of enclosures: square, circular, triangular, trapezoidal, and unconventional geometries. The core findings of the reviewed papers are summarized and tabulated in a table. Moreover, the relation between the thermophysical properties and the way they affect each other is demonstrated for different geometries of enclosures. Various numerical methods, such as finite difference, finite volume, and finite element methods, as well as different microscopic models, such as single-phase and two-phase models, are considered in this review.

On the natural convection of nanofluids in diverse shapes of enclosures: an exhaustive review