Sociology

Poverty

Disadvantage

Parenting styles

Population

Economic growth

Child development

Demography

Developmental psychology

Political science

Socioeconomic status

Psychology

Economics

Family income

Child rearing

The Future of Children

In this article, developmental psychologists Ariel Kalil and Rebecca Ryan examine the relation between parenting practices and socioeconomic gaps in child outcomes. They document substantial differences between richer and poorer families, including growing gaps in parental engagement and time use. These gaps matter: the fact that children born to lower-income, less-educated parents are less likely to spend quality time with their parents only compounds their relative economic disadvantage.

Parenting Practices and Socioeconomic Gaps in Childhood Outcomes