Electrical engineering

Physics

Phase-locked loop

Topology (electrical circuits)

CMOS

Phase noise

Voltage source

Operational amplifier

Engineering

Voltage

Power electronics

Artificial intelligence

Amplifier

Power (physics)

Phasor

Electrical impedance

Control (management)

Frequency domain

Electronic engineering

Converters

Synchronization (alternating current)

Computer science

Output impedance

Quantum mechanics

Phase margin

Electric power system

Computer vision

Control theory (sociology)

IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

With the increased prevalence of power converters in power systems, especially three-phase voltage source converters (VSCs), the stability analysis of power electronics-based power systems has received much attention recently. To this end, different impedance models, such as the dq-domain, sequence-domain, and phasor-domain impedance models among others, have been developed for three-phase VSCs in recent years. A common trend in all these impedance models, which have no noticeable practical advantage compared to each other, is considering a standard synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) for the synchronization of the VSC with the power grid. The standard SRF-PLL, however, has a limited filtering ability and, therefore, may not be very practical in most applications. To deal with this shortcoming of the SRF-PLL, a great number of advanced three-phase PLLs have been proposed in the literature. These advanced PLLs may have different feedback/feedforward loops and filters in their structures, which make including their dynamics in the available impedance models complicated. Bridging this gap in research is the objective of this article. To this end, it is demonstrated that advanced three-phase PLLs have an alternative representation, which can be easily obtained and included in the available dq-frame impedance model. Several case studies are presented to verify this idea.

<i>dq</i>-Frame Impedance Modeling of Three-Phase Grid-Tied Voltage Source Converters Equipped With Advanced PLLs

dq-Frame Impedance Modeling of Three-Phase Grid-Tied Voltage Source Converters Equipped With Advanced PLLs