Engineering

Cyber-physical system

Reliability engineering

Biology

Identification (biology)

Psychological resilience

Computer security

Systems engineering

Operating system

Risk assessment

Computer science

Botany

Risk analysis (engineering)

Business

Critical infrastructure

Vulnerability (computing)

Organic chemistry

Vulnerability assessment

Psychology

Political science

Psychotherapist

Hazard

Autonomy

Chemistry

Hazard analysis

Safety Science

Recent advances in the maritime industry include research and development of new sophisticated ships with a number of smart functionalities and enhanced autonomy. The new functions and autonomy levels though come at the cost of increased connectivity. This results in increased ship vulnerability to cyber-attacks, which may lead to financial loss, environmental pollution, safety accidents. The aim of this study is to propose a novel method for cybersecurity risk assessment of ship systems. In this novel method, the Cyber-Preliminary Hazard Analysis method steps are enriched with new steps supporting the identification of cyber-attack scenarios and the risk assessment implementation. The proposed method is applied for the cyber-risk assessment and design enhancement of the navigation and propulsion systems of an inland waterways autonomous vessel. The results demonstrate that several critical scenarios can arise on the investigated autonomous vessel due to known vulnerabilities. These can be sufficiently controlled by introducing appropriate modifications to the systems design.

A novel cyber-risk assessment method for ship systems