Gene

Control (management)

Voltage

Engineering

Network topology

Biology

Robustness (evolution)

Operating system

Telecommunications

Biochemistry

Computer science

Controller (irrigation)

Computer network

Automatic frequency control

Agronomy

Plug and play

Artificial intelligence

Chemistry

Topology (electrical circuits)

Control theory (sociology)

Electrical engineering

IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics

This article is concerned with the distributed secondary frequency and voltage control for islanded microgrids. First, the distributed secondary control problem is formulated by taking both communication delays and switching topologies into account. Second, by using an Artstein model reduction method, a novel delay-compensated distributed control scheme is proposed to restore frequencies of each distributed generator (DG) to a reference level in finite time, while achieving active power sharing in prescribed finite-time regardless of initial deviations generated from primary control. Third, a distributed finite-time controller is developed to regulate voltages of all DGs to a reference level. Fourth, the proposed idea is also applied to deal with the finite-time consensus for first-order multiagent systems. Finally, case studies are carried out, demonstrating the effectiveness, the robustness against load changes, and the plug-and-play capability of the proposed controllers.

Distributed Finite-Time Secondary Frequency and Voltage Control for Islanded Microgrids With Communication Delays and Switching Topologies