Endodontic therapy

Apicoectomy

Endodontic retreatment

Surgery

Etiology

Dentistry

Lesion

Root canal

Endodontics

Periapical periodontitis

Treatment modality

Modalities

Sociology

Periodontitis

Orthodontics

Medicine

Pathology

Social science

European Endodontic Journal

Nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatments have a high success rate in the treatment and prevention of apical periodontitis when carried out according to standard and accepted clinical principles. Nevertheless, endodontic periapical lesions remain in some cases, and further treatment should be considered when apical periodontitis persists. Although several treatment modalities have been proposed for endodontically treated teeth with persistent apical periodontitis, there is a need for less invasive methods with more predictable outcomes. The advantages and shortcomings of existing approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of endodontic periradicular lesions are discussed in this review.

Endodontic Periapical Lesion: An Overview on Etiology, Diagnosis and Current Treatment Modalities