Electrode

Organic chemistry

Process engineering

Iron phosphate

Lithium iron phosphate

Endocrinology

Engineering

Physical chemistry

Chemistry

Phosphate

Lithium (medication)

Computer science

Environmental science

Electrochemistry

Waste management

Medicine

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

In this paper the most recent advances in lithium iron phosphate batteries recycling are presented. After discharging operations and safe dismantling and pretreatments, the recovery of materials from the active materials is mainly performed via hydrometallurgical processes. Moreover, a significant number of works are currently being focused on direct regeneration processes. Both approaches are currently applied only at laboratory scale. The main challenges to be faced when dealing with upscaling these technologies (for example mechanic vs manual dismantling, valuable elements recovery strategy vs all-components recovery strategy) are here presented and discussed.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries recycling: An assessment of current status