Quantum mechanics

Suspension (topology)

Linguistics

Phase (matter)

Philosophy

Pure mathematics

Heat transfer

Phase change

Materials science

Homotopy

Convective heat transfer

Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines

Nano-

Natural convection

Porosity

Phase-change material

Thermodynamics

Physics

Fusion

Organic chemistry

Mathematics

Porous medium

Composite material

Chemistry

Mechanics

Convection

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

In the current study, free convection heat transfer of a suspension of Nano–Encapsulated Phase Change Materials (NEPCMs) is simulated and discussed in an inclined porous cavity. The phase change materials are capsulated in nano-shells layers, while the core stores/releases large amounts of energy during melting/solidification in the vicinity of the hot/cold walls. The governing equations are introduced and transformed into non–dimensional form before being solved by using the finite element method. Simulation results are validated thoroughly. Thereafter, the consequences of the fusion temperature and the Stefan number on the distributions of streamlines, isotherms, and the heat capacity ratio, as well as the heat transfer characteristics, are analyzed for different inclination angles of the cavity. Inspection of the results demonstrates that the best heat transfer performance occurs for the non–dimensional fusion temperature of 0.5 and the inclination angle of 42°. It is found that a decrease in the Stefan number improves heat transfer. The results also show that the presence of the NEPCM particles generally leads to heat transfer improvement.

Free convection heat transfer analysis of a suspension of nano–encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs) in an inclined porous cavity