Hydrochar structural determination from artifact-free Raman analysis

Hydrochar was studied using Raman spectroscopy to understand thermal damage potentially introduced during analysis. Analysis of glucose hydrochar at power densities less than 5 GW m−2 indicated a furan-rich material, while analysis at power densities greater than 50 GW m−2 indicated an arene-rich structure. Thermal tests using conventional heating revealed furan-to-arene transition in the temperature range between 300 and 500 °C, suggesting that...