Quantum mechanics

Electric power transmission

Scale (ratio)

Voltage

Engineering

Transient (computer programming)

Similarity (geometry)

Operating system

Power (physics)

Computer science

Fault (geology)

Seismology

Geology

Low voltage ride through

Physics

AC power

Pattern recognition (psychology)

Image (mathematics)

Electric power system

Electronic engineering

Cosine similarity

Artificial intelligence

Real Time Digital Simulator

Sensitivity (control systems)

Wind power

Power-system protection

Converters

Electrical engineering

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

In this article, power converters are used in the integrated wind farms and can change the fault characteristics of the power system. The conventional pilot protection suffers from low sensitivity, or even the risk of maloperation. In order to address these problems, the fault features of the transient current of various power sources are analyzed and a novel pilot protection based on cosine similarity is proposed. To validate the proposed protection, the real time digital simulator hardware-in-loop tests are carried out to verify the proposed method. In addition, a field short-circuit test is conducted in a real wind farm to examine the performances of the proposed protection. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can be potential option for industrial applications.

Cosine Similarity Based Line Protection for Large-Scale Wind Farms