Biot number

Physics

Reynolds number

Heat transfer

Mechanics

Nusselt number

Heat flux

Turbulence

Bejan number

Materials science

Nanofluid

Brinkman number

Thermal radiation

Thermodynamics

Journal of Materials Research and Technology

Characterised with augmented heat transport and thermal efficiency, nanofluids are implementable in diversified applications include pharmaceutical industries, hybrid-powered machines, cooling of different appliances, refrigerator, microelectronic, heat exchanger etc. Taking such advantages into mind, physical aspects of entropy optimization and non-linear thermal radiation in Darchy–Forchheimer flow of copper–water nanofluid due to a rotating disk are examined. A new thermal conductivity model of nanofluids involving static and dynamic approach is considered. This model signifies hydrodynamic interaction among the Brownian motion induced fluid particles. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory is taken into account. The second law of thermodynamics is the instrumental for the determination of total entropy generation rate. The system of nonlinear PDEs is converted into system of nonlinear ODEs through favorable transformations. Shooting technique has been applied prospectively to accomplish the desired numerical solution of the transformed equations. The behavior of velocity (axial, transverse and tangential) and thermal fields influenced by varied physical parameters is impressed through graphs and numerical tables. Velocity field peters out due to rising porosity parameter as well as volume fraction while thermal field upgrades for higher Biot number and radiation parameter. Significant heat transfer rate is obtained for smaller estimation of radiation parameter. Entropy generation rate and Bejan number exhibit similar trend for radiation parameter and opposite fashion for Reynolds number. The diminishing velocity distribution for larger access of porous matrix while elevated temperature distribution for higher temperature parameter (due to nonlinear thermal radiation). Entropy minimization is accomplished for grater estimation of Brinkman and Reynolds numbers.

Flow and thermal analysis on Darcy-Forchheimer flow of copper-water nanofluid due to a rotating disk: A static and dynamic approach